Tiger-human conflict is a serious threat to the conservation of the tiger and responsible for the gradual disappearance of this great cat from most of its former range. From the beginning The Corbett Foundation has been working to reduce conflict between tigers and humans. People, who suffered livestock depredation by tigers and leopards, have a negative approach towards the conservation of these big cats. To address this TCF provides compensation for people whose livestock are killed by tigers and leopards. But compensation is not the only solution to this problem.  Livestock is not the natural prey base of tiger; therefore to find out the reason behind livestock depredation by carnivores, TCF in collaboration with Wildlife Society of India, Aligarh Muslim University, started a research project on tiger-human conflict which was launched on 1st September 2002. Initially, the study was funded by the U S Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) its first phase was completed by October 2003. 

The second phase of the project was supported by Forever Tigers (USA) and was completed by the end of 2007. The second phase involved estimation of tiger density in the buffer zone of Corbett Tiger Reserve through camera trapping. Second phase also involved validation of some data collected during the first phase. The results of the study were very encouraging and indicated a healthy population of tigers in the buffer zone of the Corbett Tiger Reserve. The calculated tiger density in buffer zone of the Corbett Tiger Reserve is 13.75 tigers per 100 km2. The study also indicated the major factor behind livestock depredation by tigers and leopards is the lack of proper care and supervision of grazing livestock by local people.